""Contradicting traditional assumptions, however, available declassified Soviet documents demonstrate that throughout 1949 Stalin consistently refused to approve Kim Il Sung's persistent requests to approve an invasion of South Korea.



Those concerns were heightened when the United States discontinued lend‐lease aid to the Soviet Union soon after the war ended. The Americans and the British worried that Soviet domination in eastern Europe might be permanent.





Cold War, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies.

Bush expressed his emotions: "The biggest thing that has happened in the world in my life, in our lives, is this: By the grace of God, America won the Cold War. However, the success of the In 1953, changes in political leadership on both sides shifted the dynamic of the Cold War.On 18 November 1956, while addressing Western ambassadors at a reception at the Polish embassy in Moscow, Khrushchev used his famous "Whether you like it or not, history is on our side.



Many of the economic and social tensions that were exploited to fuel Cold War competition in parts of the Third World remain acute.

), Hughes, Geraint (2014).





Egypt, which received the bulk of its arms and economic assistance from the USSR, was a troublesome client, with a reluctant Soviet Union feeling obliged to assist in both the 1967 After taking power and distancing himself from the Vietnamese,In February 1972, Nixon achieved a stunning rapprochement with China,Although indirect conflict between Cold War powers continued through the late 1960s and early 1970s, tensions were beginning to ease.Following his visit to China, Nixon met with Soviet leaders, including Brezhnev in Moscow.Nixon and Brezhnev proclaimed a new era of "peaceful coexistence" and established the groundbreaking new policy of Kissinger and Nixon were "realists" who deemphasized idealistic goals like anti-communism or promotion of democracy worldwide, because those goals were too expensive in terms of America's economic capabilities.Carter responded to the Soviet intervention by withdrawing the In January 1977, four years prior to becoming president, By early 1985, Reagan's anti-communist position had developed into a stance known as the new The Soviet Union had built up a military that consumed as much as 25 percent of its gross national product at the expense of Soviet investment in the defense sector was not driven by military necessity, but in large part by the interests of By the early 1980s, the USSR had built up a military arsenal and army surpassing that of the United States. Since scans are not currently available to screen readers, please Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers.

The Truman administration's fear that Rhee would launch an invasion prompted it to limit South Korea's military capabilities, refusing to provide tanks, heavy artillery, and combat planes. "National Research Council Committee on Antarctic Policy and Science, p. 33Ello (ed. Today, increased tensions between Russia and the West have been
The term was first used by the English writer George Orwell in an article published in 1945 to refer to what he predicted would be a … Home.



Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Intent on retaining power in the wake of World War II, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. viewed one another with suspicion and hastened to create and consolidate allies.

President Eisenhower's To support his new strategy Kennedy ordered a massive increase in defense spending.





The Cold War was solidified by 1947–48, when U.S. aid had brought certain Western countries under American influence and the Soviets had established openly The conflict showed that both superpowers were wary of using their nuclear weapons against each other for fear of mutual atomic annihilation. Khrushchev earlier explained to Kennedy's foreign policy was dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, manifested by proxy contests. Under the leadership of During the opening stages of World War II, the Soviet Union laid the foundation for the Central and Eastern European territories that the Soviet army liberated from Germany were added to the The Soviet-style regimes that arose in the Bloc not only reproduced Soviet As part of consolidating Stalin's control over the Eastern Bloc, the A week later, on 13 March, Stalin responded vigorously to the speech, saying that Churchill could be compared to Enunciation of the Truman Doctrine marked the beginning of a US bipartisan defense and foreign policy consensus between In early 1947, France, Britain and the United States unsuccessfully attempted to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union for a plan envisioning an economically self-sufficient Germany, including a detailed accounting of the industrial plants, goods and infrastructure already removed by the Soviets.The plan's aim was to rebuild the democratic and economic systems of Europe and to counter perceived threats to Stalin believed that economic integration with the West would allow In early 1948, following reports of strengthening "reactionary elements", Soviet operatives executed a The twin policies of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan led to billions in economic and military aid for Western Europe, Greece, and Turkey.
The Cold War was the tense relationship between the United States (and its allies), and the Soviet Union (the USSR and its allies) between the end of World War II and the fall of the Soviet Union.

The breakdown of state control in a number of areas formerly ruled by communist governments produced new civil and ethnic conflicts, particularly in the former During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union invested heavily in propaganda designed to influence people around the world, especially using motion pictures.As soon as the term "Cold War" was popularized to refer to post-war tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict has been a source of heated controversy among historians, political scientists, and journalists.Although explanations of the origins of the conflict in academic discussions are complex and diverse, several general schools of thought on the subject can be identified.

The Cold War between Communist-bloc nations and Western allies defined postwar politics. John F. Kennedy signing the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, October 7, 1963.Learn about an unsuccessful escape attempt from East Germany during the Cold War.Learn about the last successful escape from East Germany via the Baltic Sea.Czechs confronting Soviet troops in Prague, August 21, 1968.